Search for Common Ground Update, 16th March 2005
CGNews-PiH
March 16, 2005
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The Common Ground News Service - Partners in Humanity, brought to you
by Search for Common Ground, seeks to build bridges of understanding
between the West and the Arab World and countries with predominately
Muslim populations.
Please note: The views expressed in the articles and in CGNews-PiH are
those of the authors, not of CGNews or its affiliates.
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UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, ALL ARTICLES ARE AVAILABLE FOR RE-PUBLICATION.
Common Ground News Service- Partners in Humanity
Article #1
Title: Germany within Europe's dialog with Islamic world - Part 1 of 2:
Author: Gunther Mulack
Publication: Jakarta Post
Date: March 2, 2005
Building on the good historical relationship between Germany and the
Islamic world, Mulack feels that more needs to be done; [w]e need to
intensify not only our dialog but also effective cooperation on all
levels including civil society. He then explains what this means
from the German perspective.
Article #2
Title: Misconception the Root of Our Problems, Says Saudi Businesswoman
Author: Raid Qusti
Publication: Arab News
Date: March 7, 2005
Ousti succinctly outlines Saudi businesswoman Nadia Bakhurjis
understanding of the root of the misconceptions betweens between the
sexes in Saudi Arabia. She provides a detailed outline of the steps
needed to change these views and suggests a role for various actors
ranging from the NGO-level, in helping to document and provide legal
assistance in cases of violence against women, to the government-
level, which she feels needs to develop a mechanism in which will
represent woman and children and allow them real participation.
Article #3
Title: Glorious 'catastrophe' in the Middle East
Author: David Ignatius
Publication: Daily Star
Date: March 04, 2005
We are now watching a glorious catastrophe take place in the Middle
East. The old system that had looked so stable is ripping apart, with
each beam pulling another down as it falls. Ignatius, suggesting
that at the root of this catastrophe is public anger, and that the
Arab public needs to play the lead role in determining their own
future. Against this backdrop, he advises America on how he feels it
can best be of help in the region.
Article #4
Title: Coordinated Action is Neded
Author: Samer Shehata
Publication: ~CGNews-PiH Commissioned Article ~
Date: November 28, 2004
In this article article, the 10th in a series on relations between the
Muslim/Arab world and the West, Shehata focuses on the means of
promoting a sense of common humanity, not only through exchanges and
education, but also through coordinated action between individuals and
organizations.
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Article #1
Germany within Europe's dialog with Islamic world - Part 1 of 2:
Gunther Mulack
Germany and the Islamic world have traditionally good relations, from
which both have richly benefited. Germany had scientific and economic
interests and sent traders, explorers, archeologists and scientists
but not soldiers. We never were a colonial power in the Muslim world.
German Orientalists have greatly contributed to the history of Islam,
Arab language research and philology, literature, science, archeology
and many other academic fields. This is history, but we are still very
active in most of these fields.
The task facing us now, in this globalized world of the 21st century,
is to explore how we can go forward together, how we can harness our
efforts so as to tackle effectively the challenges that lie ahead. We
must ask what can be done to expand our relations and seek solutions
to its problems. The answer is obvious: We need to intensify not only
our dialog but also effective cooperation on all levels including
civil society.
We must definitely do more to fight islamophobia and try to spread
correct knowledge about each other and the faith and culture of Islam.
The events of Sept. 11, 2001 and the continuing acts of terrorism sent
shock waves reverberating around the whole world. The ongoing violence
in Iraq with all its negative repercussions will make the task not
easier but even more important.
The many terroristic attacks, often in the name of Islam or jihad
against Westerners after Sept. 11 have deeply shocked people in Europe
and created a new threat perception. Islam is once again being seen by
many people as a threat to the West or more precisely Western
societies and their values. In the Islamic World American policies are
being seen as a revival of the crusade and imperialism. The violence
in Palestine and in Iraq are being felt as an attack on the Muslim
Ummah.
People everywhere, including the overwhelming majority of Muslims,
were revolted by the callous waste of so many lives. Those tragic
events were a grim reminder that terrorism and extremist violence are
a very
real threat, to which we must respond with all appropriate means and
the utmost determination. The fight against international terrorism --
as represented by al-Qaeda and other movements -- is far from over and
likely indeed to continue for many years.
It was for us German that the terrorists responsible for the Sept. 11
attacks had planned them while living in our country as apparently
normal students. Many people are now asking, as Bernard Lewis has put
it, what went wrong? We are still looking for the answers, we are
still trying to grasp the underlying reasons for such developments.
The search for the root causes which led to such extremist violence is
continuing -- among specialists as well as in the general public.
In December 2004 in Berlin for the first time a German Muslim Academy
was inaugurated which should be an excellent platform for serious
debates and discussions. It is now almost three years since the
establishment in the German Foreign Office, of a Task Force for the
Dialogue with the Islamic World. The key priority for all of us is to
develop dialog and cooperation with the Islamic world and to learn
more about the root causes for frustration, radicalism, violence and
ultimately terrorism. The gap of understanding is growing and mutual
trust is diminishing.
We have to do more to bridge the growing gap between the West and the
Islamic world. We have to analyze the root causes of the growing
hatred, violence and animosity between civilizations across the world.
Why is it that radical fundamentalist or Islamist groups are finding
ever more adherents especially among the frustrated youth of the
Islamic world? Why is it that the values of the Western world have
become tarnished in the eyes of many Muslims?
It goes without saying that fundamentalism is a phenomenon not
specific to the Islamic world. Historically it has it's roots in
American protestantism where it is still flourishing, and it is not
fundamentalism we are objecting but only its radical or extremists
political escalation.
And also we have to see that the radicalization of politics has been
caused by the monopolistic control of the political process and the
suppression of any opposition in most Muslim countries, at least in
the Arab world. Social injustice and weak economic performance, high
corruption also play a negative role. But also the influence of a
perceived injustice in international relations against Muslims is a
further negative factor.
There is no doubt that in the Islamic world especially people are
deeply troubled by the ongoing violence in the Palestinian
territories, in Iraq and in Afghanistan. The many civilian casualties
of the war in Afghanistan against the Taliban and al-Qaeda as well as
the ongoing daily killings in Iraq have caused a further rift between
the West and the Islamic world. Both sides feel threatened and
victimized. The impact of pictures sent to all homes around the world through
satellite television is tremendous.
In the media negative images abound. The point is not whether the
impressions created by the coverage of CNN or Arab satellite TV
channels are correct, but that these impressions shape the outlook and
perceptions of millions -- even hundreds of millions -- of Muslims
around the world. For many Muslims, perhaps for a majority in fact,
the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians and U.S. occupation
of Iraq are seen as proof that there is indeed a "clash of civilizations"
between Islam and the West. That is something, however, which from the
European point of view must be avoided. Yes, we are facing a clash of
politics. But not yet of civilizations.
The impression that the West applies double standards has deeply
embittered and disappointed many Arabs as well as Muslims around the
world. They ask whether human rights, for example, are something only
people in the West are entitled to; they ask whether the West invokes
human rights merely as a means to put pressure on other nations, not
to better people's lives.
The events in Iraq, the horrible pictures from Abu Ghraib prison have
deeply undermined trust which is, however, essential for successful
dialog. Without trust there can be no sincere dialog.
Our response and active reaction must be to create trust by listening
more carefully to our partners taking their points serious and
intensifying the contacts among civilizations at all levels. And we
have to call existing problems by their names. We do not want to
impose our view of the world and our philosophy on our partners.
The writer is the Commissioner of the German Government for the
Dialogue with the Islamic World.
Source: Jakarta Post
Visit the website at: www.jakartapost.com
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service - Partners in Humanity.
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Article #2
Misconception the Root of Our Problems, Says Saudi Businesswoman
Raid Qusti
RIYADH Nadia Bakhurji is a Saudi businesswoman who was also the first
of her sex to nominate herself as a candidate in this years elections
to municipal councils. The nomination was later withdrawn after women
were officially banned from running for office and voting. Last month
at the Jeddah Economic Forum, she made some recommendations concerning
social progress as well as the expanded and more effective
participation of woman in Saudi society. Her presentation at the
forum, A Vision of Growth: Building People, Building Society
emphasized the importance of creating a parallel strategy in which
education and home culture provide positive role models for both males
and females and also promote gender equality from an early age.
Basically what I am saying is that the root of our problems is the
misconception about one other. Men here tend to look at women in a
certain way and women tend to look at men in a certain way. This is
the source of many of our problems. Some people ask: Why is there so
much distance between the sexes? Why so many barriers? It is all
because of this misconception.
She pointed out that Saudi Arabia needs to develop a mechanism in both
governmental and non-governmental organizations which will represent
woman and children and allow them real participation. At present, she
calls what women and children have virtual representation and she
explains, Women and children are represented virtually in this
country. It doesnt mean through the Internet; it means they are
represented by a man. A man represents them. We have to get rid of
that. Women should represent themselves.
The role of NGOs (non-government organizations) is that they represent
and advise people with similar problems. NGOs also are instrumental in
making known the concerns of a section of society and bringing those
concerns to the attention of policy makers. She cited many examples of
NGOs in the UK and the functions they perform in society. NGOs
provide the means for a normal person - who may have nothing to do
with politics - to make his voice heard and most importantly, listened
to. NGOs can make sure that changes do in fact occur. She spoke
specifically about NGOs using their legal powers to investigate
violence and discrimination against women. For example, if we in the
Kingdom had an NGO that dealt with violence against women, Ranias
case (the Saudi TV broadcaster who was tortured by her husband) would
have gone to that NGO and the NGO would have supported her. It would
have made sure she had proper legal representation in court and it
would have made sure she received a just settlement. And that her
husband would not get away with what he did. She continued to point
out the advantages of NGOs. If we had this entity that people could
go to, it could also advise government bodies. An NGO could bring up
the issue of women experiencing negative reactions in government
offices. NGOs could get input from people and then meet officials and
work out a solution. They could say, We have looked at the school
curriculum and feel it is promoting bias against women or that it is
restricting women. For example I totally disagree with the ban on
sports for women. There is no Islamic law that says women should not
be healthy and physically fit.
On the other hand, female students are told that practicing sports is
sinful. These are matters we need to address in an educated,
scientific, and religious way. And they need to be addressed with the
peoples welfare in mind. Until we can experience that kind of cross-
communication in the community, we will never move forward. If people
lack the chance to talk about what their children being taught, it is
a serious problem. At the same time, the government should develop
ways of involving unrepresented groups in the community - women,
children and young people.
Bakhurji listed five common womens issues:
1- Employment
2- Childcare: caring and personal assistance
3- Poverty and exclusion
4- Violence and safety
5- Influence and decision-making
She also mentioned ten steps which she feels Saudi Arabia should take
in order to move forward.
1 Educate
Enlighten society and make sure that the curriculum meets the demands
and requirements of the younger generation. Also make sure that the
curriculum is not biased and that it does not promote hatred or
intolerance.
2 Cultivate
Here I am talking about cultivating leaders and role models.
Encourage schools and all educational trainers to identify exceptional
students. There has to be more awareness on the part of teachers
thinking about Childrens futures: The children must be encouraged and
supported in doing things which they are good at.
3 Communicate
I believe there is too little communication between the sexes and
even between government departments. There is too little official
awareness of what women think, what they need, and how they, along
with men, could be productive in building society and the economy.
4 Demonstrate
Demonstrate by action and lead by example. When we talk, we talk a
lot. That is part of our culture but do we ever actually do anything?
A lot of Saudi women talk about equality and rights but how many of
them are willing to get together and do what Ive done? What Ive done
by coming forward as a Saudi female candidate for the elections is
demonstrating my words and putting them into action. I am setting an
example. Look at me now after that experience. I'm still alive.
Sometimes you have to make sacrifices.
5 Mediate
Mediating between polarized groups. ?I mean between the ultra-
conservative and the ultra-liberal. Everyone is in a different place
and these people cannot see eye-to-eye. For example, you say women
should not drive because of x, y, and z. I say that women should
drive because of a, ?b, and c. Let's sit around a table and
mediate. We need groups that will mediate between the polarized
elements.? She went on, "There are also other polarized groups in our
society. We are very complex - Hejazis, Najdis, Asiris, and others and
all of them with different ways of thinking and looking at life."
6 Collaborate
Lets learn from people who have already gone down this path. First
of all lets look at examples in the Middle East who are closer to our
culture, such as Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan and others in terms of their
progress in civil society and education.
7 Negotiate
Lets face it. We do not know how to negotiate. We get heated and
emotional and we lose the point. I believe that negotiation should be
taught in school; we should learn how to debate. How can we defend our
values and beliefs without knowing the basics of negotiating? We must
have an educated point of view.
8 Cooperate
There has to be cooperation between the different groups and sectors
of society, between different ministries so they can produce helpful
mechanisms.
9 Legislate
To create laws and legislation that support society on all
levels. Currently we say that we implement Shariah law. That is fine.
But are we really implementing it? She cited the example of meeting
Iranian women professors and women members of the Iranian Parliament.
When she asked them if it was true that Iranian women were stifled,
the members of parliament were surprised. The women told me that a
woman in Iran has a chance in any profession. She said: Look, I ran
for Parliament as a woman and I won. At the same time, the women
noted, that Iran is a very religious society; they said, We follow
the Shariah down to its smallest detail. If your women followed
Shariah, you would get more respect and be more productive. It does
not hamper women.
She returned then to one of her favorite points. Did you know that
Iranian women went to the Olympics? With their hijabs they competed.
The Iranian women told me that women practice sports, riding and
basketball for example wearing hijab and loose clothes. I thought to
myself, if they can do it, why cant we? Why are we restricted? Islam
does not handicap a society, and definitely does not handicap women. I
think we need to look at our Islamic interpretations more closely and
clarify certain areas.
10 Tolerate
It is not in our culture to tolerate. We are very judgmental. This is
wrong. We need to educate people to be tolerant rather than
judgmental. Who do we think we are? Very early, we teach children that
if this person is Hejazi it means one thing, if Najdi something else.
Or that black means this, and white means that. Or for example, shes
a woman. Lets judge her. It does not matter what she says; shes just
a woman. All these judgments make you guilty instead of innocent. This
kind of narrow-mindedness which is programmed into is socially from an
early age needs to be changed. The only way we can move forward is to
get rid of this ignorance.
We are no better than anyone else. And God says in the Quran that the
best of us is the most righteous.
Her recommendations:
1- Establish a national council for women
2- Establish mechanism within civil society for dialogue with decision
makers
3- Establish local community centers for advice and counseling related
to social and family affairs
4- Provide training and guidance for young people
5- Encourage investment in community projects
6- Allocate seats to women in order to ensure their participation in
local municipality politics
7- Education, education, education.
Source: Arab News
Website: www.arabnews.com
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service - Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained from the author for publication.
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Article #3
Glorious 'catastrophe' in the Middle East
David Ignatius
There's an obscure branch of mathematics known as "catastrophe
theory," which looks at how a small perturbation in a previously
stable system can suddenly produce dramatic change. A classic example
of the theory is the way a bridge, after bearing immense weight for
many years, can suddenly collapse because of a new stress.
We are now watching a glorious catastrophe take place in the Middle
East. The old system that had looked so stable is ripping apart, with
each beam pulling another down as it falls. The sudden stress that
produced the catastrophe was the American invasion of Iraq two years
ago. But this Arab power structure has been rotting at the joints for
a generation. The real force that's bringing it down is public anger.
It's hard not to feel giddy watching the dominoes fall. In
Lebanon, "people power" forced the resignation Monday of Syria's
puppet government; in Egypt, the Pharaonic Hosni Mubarak agreed
Saturday to allow other candidates to challenge his presidency for
life; in Iraq, the momentum of January's election is still propelling
the nation forward, despite bickering politicians and brutal suicide
bombers.
But catastrophic change is dangerous, even when it's bringing down a
system people detest. This is not a time for American triumphalism, or
for gloating and lecturing to the Arabs. That kind of arrogance got us
into trouble in Iraq during the first year of occupation. It was only
when Iraqis began to take control of their own destinies that this
project began to go right. The same rule holds for Lebanon, Egypt and
the rest. America can help by keeping on the pressure, but it's their
revolution.
Here are some warning flags about challenges ahead. My list is drawn
from conversations this week with Arabs who are part of the new
revolution. They worry that Washington, in its current giddy mood, may
miss the danger signs.
The crucial issue for Lebanon is the role of Hizbullah. This Shiite
militia is the best-organized political force in the country, and it's
now at a crossroads. Hizbullah cannot remain the "A Team" of terrorism
and also help build a new democracy in Lebanon. An encouraging sign is
that the party's secretary general, Hassan Nasrallah, met quietly
Monday night in Beirut with Samir Franjieh, one of the leaders of the
pro-democracy opposition. They discussed a possible deal whereby
Hizbullah would agree to disarm its militia and join a new government,
so long as that government wasn't openly anti-Syrian and Hizbullah was
allowed to keep its "resistance" squads. That's a steep price, but
getting Hizbullah inside the tent of political change might be worth
it.
For Syria's leaders, the issue is survival. Until recently, Syrian
strategists had been telling me about their "sandwich strategy" for
squeezing America in Iraq between a Syrian-backed insurgency and
Iranian pressure. Now it's Damascus that's in the sandwich, and there
are signs that President Bashar Assad realizes his best hope for
survival lies with the United States. That's one of the benefits of
catastrophic change: In the ensuing chaos, each player has to worry he
will be sold out by its allies. Hizbullah must fear that Assad is
about to cut a deal with America; meanwhile, Assad must worry that
Nasrallah will make a deal first.
The biggest danger of all is Iran's bid to manipulate the new
government in Iraq. Already, there are signs of its influence. The
ambitious Ahmed Chalabi announced he was quitting the race for prime
minister last month, reportedly the day after he met with Iran's
ambassador to Baghdad, who apparently warned him to step back. That's
scary; so is the recent demand by the head of the Iranian-backed Badr
Brigade that he be given the post of interior minister. To check
Iran's influence in Baghdad, the United States must make clear
its "red lines." The chief American demand should be that the key
security portfolios of defense, interior and intelligence must remain
in friendly Iraqi hands.
An interesting idea for squeezing Iran comes from an Iraqi Sunni
leader named Mithal Alusi, who's visiting Washington this week. He
suggests inviting dissident Iranian Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali
Montazeri to the holy city of Najaf to explain his view that political
rule by mullahs is incompatible with Islam. That would make Tehran
think twice about meddling in Iraq.
There's no stopping the Middle East's glorious catastrophe now that
it has begun. We are careening around the curve of history, and it's
useful to remember a basic rule for navigating slippery roads. Once
you're in the curve, you can't hit the brakes. The only way for
America to keep this car on the road is to keep its foot on the
accelerator.
**Syndicated columnist David Ignatius is published regularly by the
Daily Star.
Source: The Daily Star
Visit the website at: www.dailystar.com.lb
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service - Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained from the author for
publication.
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Article #4
Coordinated Action is Needed
Samer Shehata
Dialogue and mutual understanding between the Arab and Muslim worlds
and the United States has never been more urgently needed. At a time
when international public opinion toward the United States and
American public opinion toward the Arab and Muslim worlds is at its
lowest, it is imperative that people worldwide work toward increasing
genuine understanding and mutual respect.
Organizations and citizens worldwide have been working to foster this
respect, but despite these grassroots efforts, both regions of the
world still harbor distorted views of the other. Recent studies by the
Pew Research Center and the Council on American-Islamic Relations
(CAIR) reveal that Americans increasingly hold negative attitudes
toward Muslims and Islam. In the summer of 2003, for example, the Pew
Research Center reported that increasing numbers of Americans believe
that Islam encourages violence. More recently, a poll conducted for
CAIR in June 2004 revealed that only 2% of Americans held positive
images of Islam, compared with 32% who held negative impressions of
the religion.
Public opinion research done in the last three years by different
organizations also indicates that the United States has never been
viewed more negatively by Arabs and Muslims -- not to mention the rest
of the word -- than it is today. In a poll conducted last summer by
Zogby International, for example, only 2% of Egyptians, 4% of Saudis,
and 11% of Moroccans said they held favorable views of the US. These
figures are down from already low figures in 2002 representing a
dramatic worsening of an already troubling situation. Muslims
worldwide find themselves trying to explain that the overwhelming
majority of Arabs and Muslims do not hate the United States,
American values or freedom but disagree with specific US government
policies toward the region.
There are numerous reasons for these distorted views, but despite
these reasons people in both regions need to recognize our common
humanity all that we share and not just what sets us apart. From
Tunis to Texas, fathers and mothers desire quality education for their
children, adequate health care, decent housing, good jobs, a better
future and, of course, security.
In order to recognize our common humanity we need more exchange,
interaction, and increased opportunities for Americans to learn about
Islam and travel to the Middle East. More cooperation is needed
between educational institutions in the Arab and Muslim world and the
US. Greater numbers of young people in the Arab world should be
allowed to study in the United States. Artists, intellectuals,
scientists, community leaders, and students should be moving across
borders at unprecedented levels in all directions in order to make
dialogue, engagement, mutual respect, and understanding a reality.
Sadly, because of the Bush administrations visa policies, exactly the
opposite is happening.
But even increased movement across borders is not enough. In this age
of globalization, coordinated action by people in the Arab and Muslim
world and the US is also urgently needed. Globalization means
increased interconnectedness. It entails deepened and accelerated
movement of information, capital, and people across the planet.
Globalization, however, should also mean that people in Cairo and
Chicago can act together for a common purpose, whether it is to
prevent Palestinian homes from being demolished (to condemn the
killing of civilians) or to push for greater respect for human rights
and political freedoms in the Arab world.
Non-governmental organizations in the Arab world, for example, should
not hesitate to cooperate with similar non-governmental organizations
in the US, Europe, and elsewhere in order to pressure Arab governments
to implement needed political reforms and uphold human rights. Let me
be clear: I am not calling on Arabs or Muslims to support the
initiatives of the Bush administration or the US government. But I am
suggesting that Arabs concerned with human rights and political
freedoms should engage with like-minded American and European non-
governmental organizations in order to further political freedoms in
the Arab world. Together we can and should expand the space of
political contestation, debate, and action in the Arab world,
something that will ultimately strengthen Arab society vis--vis
external powers.
Another example of multi-national citizen action includes the existing
movements in the US and Israel to pressure the Caterpillar Corporation
to stop selling armored bulldozers to the Israeli government, which
uses the equipment to illegally demolish Palestinian homes.
Individuals and non-governmental organizations in the Arab and Muslim
world should act together with their counterparts in the United States
and Israel to demand corporate social responsibility. Coordinated
action can also raise awareness about the counterproductive practice
of home demolition a practice that violates fundamental human rights
and does not facilitate the goal of achieving a just and lasting peace
between Palestinians and Israelis.
These are just two small examples of the types of coordinated action
between individuals and organizations in the Arab and Muslim world and
the United States that can make a difference. Working together will
ultimately generate greater understanding and awareness that people in
the Arab and Muslim world and United States share mutual concerns and
a common humanity.
Source: CGNews-PiH Commissioned Article
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service - Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained from the author for
publication.
**********
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