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Arie Kruglanski and His Work

Please read here Arie Kruglanski's work. He kindly made four of his texts available for us. See further down:

Kruglanski, Arie W., Raviv, Amiram, Bar-Tal, Daniel, Raviv, Alona, Sharvit, Keren, Ellis, Shmuel, Bar, Ruth, Pierro, Antonio, & Mannetti, Lucia (2005). Says who? : Epistemic Authority Effects in Social Judgment. In Zanna, Mark P. (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 37. New York, NY: Academic Press, in press.

Abstract
This chapter features the concept of ascribed epistemic authority (Kruglanski, 1989) offered as a unique perspective on source effects in social judgment. In contrast to prior approaches that viewed the source of communication as external to the self, we assume that both the self and external sources may be assigned different degrees of epistemic authority in different domains, and that this determines how individuals process information, make decisions and undertake actions. The present framework traces the socio-developmental aspects of epistemic authority assignments, and considers individual differences in the distribution of authority assignments across sources. From this perspective, we claim a central role in human judgment to the information’s source, and the assessment of its epistemic authority is seen to constitute an essential preliminary phase in individuals’ approach to information.


Kosic, Ankica, Kruglanski, Arie W., Pierro, Antonio, and Mannetti, Lucia (2004). The Social Cognition of Immigrants' Acculturation: Effects of the Need for Closure and the Reference Group at Entry. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 796-813.

Abstract
Three studies found support for the notion that immigrants’ acculturation to the host culture is interactively determined by these individuals’ need for cognitive closure (Kruglanski & Webster, 1996) and the “reference group” they forge upon their arrival in the new land. If such reference group is fashioned by close social relations with co-ethnics—the higher the immigrants’ need for closure the weaker their tendency to assimilate to the new culture, and the stronger their tendency to adhere to the culture of origin. By contrast, if the entry “reference group” is fashioned by close relations with members of the host country—the higher their need for closure the stronger their tendency to adapt to the new culture, and the weaker their tendency to maintain the culture of origin. These findings obtained consistently across three immigrant samples in Italy, one Croatian and the two Polish, and across multiple different measures of acculturation.


Erb, Hans-Peter, Kruglanski, Arie W., Chun, Woo Young, Pierro, Antonio, Mannetti, Lucia, and Spiegel, Scott (2003). Searching for Commonalities in Human Judgment: The Parametric Unimodel and its Dual Mode Alternatives. In Stroebe, Wolfgang and Hewstone, Miles (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology, 14, pp. 1-49. 14 edition. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Abstract
We outline a uniform model of human judgment wherein individuals combine situational information with relevant background knowledge to form conclusions. Several judgmental parameters are identified whose specific intersections determine whether given situational information would affect judgments. Abstraction of features from surface manifestations and focus on underlying commonalities afford theoretical integration across judgmental domains and across processes previously assumed to qualitatively differ. The resulting “unimodel” is juxtaposed conceptually and empirically to popular dual-mode frameworks, and its implications are drawn for a general rethinking of human judgment phenomena.


Kruglanski, Arie W. and Golec, Agnieszka (2005). Individual motivations, the group process and organizational strategies in suicide terrorism. In Meyersson Milgrom, Eva M. (Ed.), Suicide Missions and the Market for Martyrs: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, forthcoming.

The very notion of "suicide terrorism" is strange and terrifying. It is far outside the range of what one would consider as normal human behavior, representing a conjunction of two very extreme events, far removed from civilized, socially sanctioned activities: (1) the deliberate (rather than accidental) and indiscriminate killing of noncombatants including women and children. (2) Taking one's own life in the process—militating against the basic human instinct of personal survival. In response, our first inclination might be to relegate "suicide terrorism" to the realm of psychopathology ; and this is precisely how it was regarded by top experts little more than a decade ago. Ariel Merari-- one of the world's supreme authorities on suicide terrorism, in a 1990 paper approvingly cited Weiss’s opinion that; "personality disintegration (is) the single most important factor in suicide". On that basis, Merari concluded that: "terrorism suicide, like any other suicide, is basically an individual rather than a group phenomenon: it is done by people who wish to die for personal reasons. The terrorist framework simply offers an excuse (rather than the real drive) and the legitimation for carrying it out in a violent way.” (Merari, 1990, p. 206). ...

Posted by Evelin at March 31, 2005 04:31 AM
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