Common Ground News Service – Partners in Humanity (CGNews-PiH)
December 13, 2005

The Common Ground News Service – Partners in Humanity (CGNews-PiH) is distributing the enclosed articles to build bridges of understanding between the West and the Arab World and countries with predominately Muslim populations. Unless otherwise noted, all copyright permissions have been obtained and the articles may be reproduced by any news outlet or publication free of charge. If publishing, please acknowledge both the original source and CGNews-PiH, and notify us at cgnewspih@sfcg.org.

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ARTICLES IN THIS EDITION:
1. ~YOUTH VIEWS~
“On these Muslim Streets” by Bill Glucroft
“Europe has a problem, but it is not the Muslims. Muslims have a problem, but it is not Europe.” Bill Glucroft, a student of journalism at Emerson College in Boston, MA, looks at a lack of economic opportunity as an impediment to Muslim integration in Europe and calls on both European governments as well as European Muslims to take steps to overcome this obstacle.
(Source: CGNews-PiH, December 13, 2005)

2. “Bravo to the Arab Media” by Hassan Yassin
In this timely piece that follows yesterday’s assassination of Lebanese newspaper publisher and columnist, Gibran Tueni, Hassan Yassin, a Saudi businessman based in Riyadh, praises recent efforts by Arab media practitioners and adds that this “rapidly increasing professionalism and accountability of the Arab media is all the more significant in light of the very difficult circumstances which Arab journalists are faced with.”
(Source: Arab News, December 13, 2005)

3. “Open Societies Make Good Muslims” by Hera Diani
Hera Diani, Jakarta-based journalist, makes a case for democracy in predominantly Muslim countries based on the comments of leading Muslim thinkers in Thailand. Surin Pitsuwan, former Thai foreign minister, explains, "In the teachings of the Koran and Hadiths, there is always room for human beings to take charge of their own affairs. This is an issue of accountability, responsibility, participation, as well as individual and collective obligations,"
(Source: The Jakarta Post, December, 7 2005)

4. “Western Muslims: Can we talk?” By Geneive Abdo
A Western Islamic identity is necessary, agree European and American Muslims at a recent conference organised by the U.S. Ambassador to Belgium to determine how Western governments can begin to address Muslim isolation in their countries. Geneive Abdo, a fellow at the Joan B. Kroc Institute at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, highlights the contribution of participants who feel that their new identity must take into consideration religious expression as well as full participation in society, and believe that the media are key in changing perceptions of them in their respective countries.
(Source: International Herald Tribune, December 7, 2005)

5. “Spoilers at the table” by Neil Stormer
Using examples from the Middle East, Neil Stormer, who works in conflict resolution and foreign policy in Washington, DC, discusses how bringing extreme opponents to the table can bring an end to armed conflict by providing a “public, nonviolent venue for discussion of the extremist groups' issues and bring[ing] all shareholders to the table.” Although acknowledging the risk of bringing in dissident voices and giving them veto power over the process, he refers to the Nelson Mandela quote: “You don't make peace by talking to your friends; you have to make peace with your enemies.”
(Source: Jordan Times, December 7, 2005)

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ARTICLE 1
On these Muslim Streets
Bill Glucroft

Milan –The violence that shook French society in November has fizzled out. Though these symptoms of a social and economic disease have for the moment disappeared, the disease itself remains present and virulent. If France – and the whole of Europe – wishes not to take the violence as a warning sign, it does so at its peril.

I arrived in Europe almost fifteen weeks ago expecting a continent roiling in cultural distress. The only news crossing the pond to the US pertained to the Franco-Dutch one-two punch against the EU constitution, economic woes in Germany, and, against a backdrop of the July terror attack in London, the smoldering problem of integrating Muslim immigrants in Europe.

Europe’s colonial past and welfare present make it a haven for millions of Muslims desperate to escape the stagnation of the Middle East and North Africa. For decades, traditionally Christian Europe accepted such immigrants either as cheap labor or, increasingly, through regular immigration programs, making a tacit compact with them to provide social benefits so long as the recipients demanded little else in return. Post-Holocaust Europe was eager to demonstrate its tolerance, but was not yet prepared to undertake the significant and necessary step of truly accepting the presence of these new immigrants. Thus, Muslims and other Europeans have, by and large, existed within separate spheres that rarely intersect. Today, however, particularly in France, the factory jobs the immigrants once held are long gone, but the state has taken little interest in creating new sources of employment, worsening the situation.

Only an event as dramatic as 9/11 was capable of upsetting this status quo and demonstrating its inequities. The unseen, but growing populations of Muslim immigrants suddenly became visible, and Europeans began to grow anxious about these people lurking in the shadows of their societies. Unfortunately, the foundations for dialogue had not even been created, as Europe never made a genuine effort to reach out to its immigrants – and vice versa. Given the information vacuum, when controversial Dutch film-maker and critic of misogynistic practices by Muslim immigrants, Theo van Gogh, was slain in Amsterdam, and bombs rocked the Madrid and London metro systems, suspicion of the foreigners in its midst reached a peak.

Europe has a problem, but it is not the Muslims. Muslims have a problem, but it is not Europe. The issue is the absence of respect, the result has been suspicion and fear, and the solution is neither more stringent immigration policies nor stricter law enforcement nor for Muslims to isolate themselves from the societies that surround them. To bridge the artificial cultural rift, the same antidote to Middle East backwardness must also be applied to Europe.

Lack of economic opportunity is the world’s foremost cause of instability. For their part, European governments need to cease relying on social benefits and the welfare state as a means to satisfy and pacify and instead offer true economic opportunity. Free medical care, subsidised housing and education can only go so far. People everywhere want and need the dignity and respect derived from a good job that provides steady pay. They can accomplish this through actions such as making it easier for immigrants to open small businesses (a step that would benefit all of France, whose onerous labour regulations and taxes make creating and running small businesses incredibly difficult), cracking down on overt racism, and sensitising police to immigrant issues. The night-time rioting on the streets of Paris’s broken suburbs is a clear indication of how much energy France’s North Africans retain. Clearly, all that is lacking is a productive outlet for it.

Muslim immigrants in Europe must make efforts as well. They must not be afraid of involving themselves with the greater European population. Integration is not the same as assimilation, and a European Muslim is not a contradiction in terms. European Muslims do not necessarily have to take part in, but must accept, certain norms of their host countries that conservatives may find distasteful. The availability of alcohol and drugs, the supremacy of civil over religious law, and differing policies on marriage are but a few examples. Community leaders should encourage their people to be proud Muslims and productive Europeans (and Europe must allow Muslims to be both). After all, those who spew hate and preach division will succeed only in making Europeans less accommodative to the needs and desires of Muslim immigrants. Only by incorporating themselves into the greater society will Muslims achieve the respect as fellow citizens they rightly deserve.

On this matter, Europe might benefit from America’s example. Certainly, the U.S. continues to wrestle with its own racial demons, but it has more or less succeeded in incorporating various demographics into a single, contiguous society. Unlike in Europe, Muslims in America have been able to rise to the middle class. The fact that they can take part in American prosperity, not just be spectators to it, is evidence that the problem is primarily economic. Since American Muslims participate in their communities, particularly through running small businesses, they are known and subsequently less feared. Instead of existing literally on the periphery as in France, Muslims in the U.S. are part of society. This may help explain why, post 9/11, relatively few hate crimes occurred.

If the French wish to prevent further anarchy, the country needs to alter course rather than bury the event in the past and try, with half-measures and promises of more government help, to return to the country’s tense status quo. The recent three weeks of instability were predominantly the result of longstanding economic repression, intended or not. There is nothing unique to Europe’s Muslims that predisposes them to such extremism; their actions are a product of the times. A hungry man is an angry man and Europe’s Muslim immigrants are hungry. Europe best find a way to feed them.

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* Bill Glucroft is a student of journalism at Emerson College in Boston, MA.
Source: CGNews-PiH, December 13, 2005
Visit the website at www.commongroundnews.org.
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service – Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained for publication.

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ARTICLE 2
Bravo to the Arab Media
Hassan Yassin

The Arab media have come a long way recently. Only a decade ago the media
landscape in the Arab world looked pretty bleak. Only a handful of sharp and
courageous writers were then publishing their eye-opening articles in
newspapers printed abroad. Today that situation has completely changed. The
Arab public now has several independent news channels and many more
outspoken commentators in a variety of newspapers to choose from. This is
indeed a momentous development.

In an article entitled "Courage in their Coverage" (Dec. 7, 2005) in the
Washington Post, respected columnist David Ignatius calls our attention to
the courage and professionalism of a growing number of Arab journalists.
Ignatius himself, I must add, is a most respected journalist. He has that
rare ability of capturing and reporting stories which others do not see or
hear, and his articles are always stimulating, balanced, and to the point.

Ignatius cites, among others, the example set by Hussain Shobokshi, whose
views in the Saudi press and on the Al-Arabiya news channel have challenged
many a preconceived idea and courageously proposed alternate or otherwise
hushed visions for the future. Ignatius' mention of this particular
individual is especially meaningful in the light of Shobokshi's unrelenting
dedication to the freedom of the press and freedom of expression.

Shobokshi's example in turn has encouraged many other journalists, many of
whom are today playing a fundamental role in the changes and reforms taking
place in the Arab world. Speaking of his contacts with Arab journalists at
the Arab Thought Conference held last week in Dubai, Ignatius noted that he
was hearing "a new voice of professionalism and accountability that is
shaping the movement for change in the Arab world."

This rapidly increasing professionalism and accountability of the Arab media
is all the more significant in the light of the very difficult circumstances
which Arab journalists are faced with. Ignatius pays tribute to the many
Arab journalists who have paid with their lives for their commitment to
revealing the truth and to expressing their opinions freely. Whether in
Lebanon or in Iraq, the dedication of these journalists and their sacrifice
speaks mountains for the vital and indispensable role that they are playing
in Arab society and indeed in the international community, today.

There has also been a significant increase in the number of women
journalists in the Arab world. These women are now questioning their
position in society and demanding that more avenues be opened to them. They
are questioning religious edicts and want a return to the real Islamic views
on women where equality is not on paper, but practiced in everyday life.

It is time that we, also, recognize these journalists and applaud them.
Whether we agree or disagree with their opinions, we should be grateful to
them for the essential duty which they are fulfilling in moving our
societies forwards. It is also significant that Arab governments have
realized that past practices of censorship have become irrelevant and indeed
counterproductive. Today they also are moving towards the conception that
whether they agree with certain views or not, it is still better to have
someone alerting them to what they may be doing wrong or what they could be
doing better.

This is a very healthy development in Arab society and we can be proud of
the huge strides taken by our media in stimulating debate, making our
leaders more accountable, and moving our societies forward. In fact, we may
even be showing up the Americans in their own supposed promotion of freedom
and democracy.

Ignatius notes that the courage and growing professionalism of the Arab
media make him "all the more disgusted by recent revelations that [his] own
government has been corrupting the nascent Iraqi free press by planting
stories."

Arab society, along with the Arab media, is maturing rapidly. It is
important that we openly express our gratitude and respect to the outspoken
Arab journalists for the job they are doing and for the crucial role which
they are playing in our society's development.

We must also thank and support foreign journalists like Ignatius for their
valuable contributions to the Western understanding, and indeed our own
understanding, of where the Arab world stands. These are extremely positive
developments, which can only be beneficial to us all.

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* Hassan Yassin is a Saudi businessman based in Riyadh and former head of
The Saudi Information Office in Washington, D.C.
Source: Arab News, December 13, 2005
Visit the website at www.arabnews.com
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service – Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained for publication.

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ARTICLE 3
Open Societies Make Good Muslims
Hera Diani

To be a good Muslim, it is far more virtuous and valuable to be in an open society, instead of living in a closed society where people are forced to follow the dictates of the religion, a prominent Thai Muslim scholar says. Surin Pitsuwan, a former Thai foreign minister, said here on Tuesday that every human being must be responsible for their own conduct and exercise free will.

"In the teachings of the Koran and Hadiths, there is always room for human beings to take charge of their own affairs. This is an issue of accountability, responsibility, participation, as well as individual and collective obligations," he said on the sidelines of a discussion on Islam and democracy in Southeast Asia, which was sponsored by the International Center for Islam and Pluralism (ICIP). Democracy, he said, demands that every person is aware of that responsibility, participation and contribution.

"Prophet Muhammad is a model of the perfect human being for every Muslim. We have to try to approximate that by taking our responsibility seriously, which can only be fulfilled in an open society," Surin said.

The aspect of secularism is therefore necessary in this era of modernity and globalisation, he added.

"(But) total separation between religion and state, like what exists in Europe won't work here (in the region). It's not secularism in the sense that you have no consideration for religion, but in the sense that every religion is equal and protected under the law," he said.

In Thailand, Surin said, secularism was a necessity for minorities to play a role in the society.

"For the Muslim minority, it’s not a choice of whether or not there is an Islamic state. Let the majority rule, but let the minority take a role as well. Every society must deal with social deviance, minorities who deviate from the majority."

ICIP chairman Syafii Anwar highlighted in his paper the growing number of Muslim politicians and activists who had changed their responses and shifted strategies concerning the democratic system.

Nonetheless, challenges and problems still exist, as revealed by a Freedom House survey in 2002, as among Muslim countries, only 11 out of 47 states (23 percent) could be grouped as democratic states, with their governments elected democratically.

The survey also showed that there was a "democracy deficit" in certain Muslim states controlled by authoritarian regimes.

Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi once confirmed that many governments in Islamic states have manipulated religion as justification for their tyranny and despotism, practicing authoritarianism and condoning human rights violations in the name of Islam and holy struggle.

"Not only is democratisation a must and precondition of a modern and civilised world, but it is in line with the spirit and purposes of sharia, that is to uphold a just society," Syafii said.

With the challenges of radical movements that hamper democracy, Surin said that a long process of education, social transformation and empowerment, as well as leadership was necessary to create an open society.

"Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) must realise these challenges and transform their mindset and mentality. We can't be too dogmatic or too monopolistic in our approaches. But I think the challenge of globalisation has made the period more compressed, more urgent," said Surin.

He pointed out that, in Indonesia, the two largest Muslim organisations -- Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah -- have already given up the idea of establishing an Islamic state.

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* Hera Diani is a Jakarta-based journalist.
Source: The Jakarta Post, December 7, 2005
Visit the website at www.thejakaratpost.com
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service – Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained for publication.

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ARTICLE 4
Western Muslims: Can we talk?
Geneive Abdo

Brussels - The U.S. ambassador to Belgium hosted an extraordinary event here recently, one that exposes the shortcomings of the Bush administration's militarised "war on terrorism." He organised a conference with Muslims to hear about their lives in the West.

Ambassador Tom Korologos and other U.S. officials intervened at times, but mostly they were more like flies on the wall as Muslims from the United States and Europe - activists, journalists and lawyers - discussed their concerns among themselves, talking about Islam and their experiences practicing their religion in Western societies. There were no self-declared "experts" and no interpreters speaking about Islam on behalf of Muslims with whom they have little real contact.

That was the foremost reason that this conference was more effective than most sponsored by branches of the U.S. government, or even by Washington-based research institutes, and why its approach should be used as a model for understanding how Western governments can begin to address the increasing isolation of Muslims living in the West.

But there were others: For one, the conference addressed the underlying reasons for the increasing alienation of Muslims in the United States and in Europe. It asked Muslims to identity why they feel they are targets of discrimination. Is it the media, generally biased against them? Is it their lack of participation in their respective societies?

For another, Muslims from the United States were asked to compare their lives with those of their Belgian co-religionists. Who suffers more from bigotry in the media? Who is targeted more by law enforcement? Is it one's socio-economic background that determines the degree of integration?

Perhaps surprisingly, young American Muslims learned from their Belgian peers that economically the Americans might be better off. Their parents struggled as immigrants, but managed to climb the social ladder, and the immigrants' children are now doctors and lawyers. Some of the Belgians, however, were born to parents who emigrated from Morocco or other Muslim countries for low-paying jobs. One young Moroccan woman explained that her mother, even after years of living in Belgium, is still illiterate. And unlike many Muslim-American participants who grew up in America's suburbs, the Belgians were reared in urban ghettos.

"European Muslims came from more trying backgrounds," said one American Muslim, who is a representative of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, a 10-year-old advocacy group based in Washington. "Our parents came from affluent backgrounds. Over 60 percent of American Muslims have an average annual salary of $62,000," he said.

But some said they felt Muslims in America, after the attacks of September 11, 2001, are being ghettoised by mainstream society, despite their lives of relative riches. Why then, they asked, are Muslim Americans treated by the FBI and other law enforcement agencies like terrorist suspects if they are part of middle-class society? "The notion of Islam is better developed and more understood in Europe than in America," said one American Muslim. "The way we are treated is based on ignorance."

Both groups agreed that the media were the key to changing perceptions of them in their respective countries. If the media shape public opinion, and public opinion becomes more favourable toward Islam and Muslims, everything else will follow, they said.

"It is important for us to form Muslim media," said one Muslim American. But he cautioned against preaching to the choir. "But it is more important for us to get involved in the general media."

In order for that to happen, they said, Muslim Americans must encourage their children to become journalists, rather than higher paid doctors and lawyers.

Both groups agreed that living as Muslims in the West requires the formation of a unique Western Islamic identity. What that means is crafting a life that allows for religious expression while fully participating in mainstream society.

How to go about creating this identity is yet to be determined. But in the end, it could be the key to solving the integration problem.

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* Geneive Abdo, a fellow at the Joan B. Kroc Institute at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, is completing a book on Muslims in America.
Source: International Herald Tribune, December 7, 2005
Visit the website at www.iht.com
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service – Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained for publication.

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ARTICLE 5
Spoilers at the table
Neil Stormer

Washington, DC - The question of how to deal with spoiler groups with large followings is not easily answered. The most extreme opponents seldom make welcome negotiating partners, but without their involvement many settlements collapse.

Nelson Mandela, discussing the difficulty of dealing with spoilers, offered this prescient advice: “You don't make peace by talking to your friends; you have to make peace with your enemies.”

Moderates are more willing to negotiate, but what is implicit in Mandela's words is the need to deal directly with those who are causing trouble, rather than to exclude and subsequently try to marginalise them.

The United States has begun to see the wisdom of Mandela's advice. The insurgency in Iraq is hardly a monolithic force comprised of like-minded extremists seeking to undermine the future of Iraq. It is a patchwork of groups and individuals, each with their own reasons for adopting violence. Recognising the disparate aims within the insurgency, the US and Iraqi governments have begun to pursue a negotiated settlement with one of the largest and most powerful contingents, Sunni nationalists, in the hopes of reducing violence and splitting the insurgency.

This shift in policy represents a new set of tactics that the Bush administration hopes will bring stability to Iraq in the run-up to the Dec. 15 election and beyond. Instead of trying to silence the Sunni groups who would otherwise play the role of spoiler, many have been encouraged to have their grievances heard by participating in the political process and discussions at the negotiation table.

On the other side of Jordan, recent polls suggest that a former spoiler, Hamas, will have significant representation in the Palestinian parliament after the upcoming elections. Israel has voiced opposition to including militant groups in Palestine's parliamentary elections, and the US still considers Hamas a terrorist organisation. Still, Hamas' involvement in the political process is seen by some in the United States as a positive step for peace. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice suggested that Hamas' ability to play the role of spoiler in the future could be curtailed. Rice stated that after the election, and once Hamas has entered the official political process, it will be easier to force them to disarm.

Using force against extremists and insurgents has and will bring increased violence in return and will alienate their constituency. Bringing potential spoilers to the table can bring an end to armed conflict in several ways. It can provide a public, nonviolent venue for discussion of the extremist groups' issues and bring all shareholders to the table — a crucial step if peace is to last. This strategy can also allow the more moderate factions within the group to be co-opted into the peace process, causing a potentially ruinous rift within the extremist group.

Co-optation is a legitimate means to draw the moderates from both the party and the constituency into the peace process and a way to create dissension in extremist factions that could well bring about the demise of such groups.

The danger in excluding a potential spoiler is that it prevents a moderate subgroup within the extremist camp from having its issues addressed in a legitimised arena. This leaves “terrorism” as the only recourse; marginalisation of this sort begets violence, which draws further ire from legitimate political forces.

Allowing extremists to participate in peace negotiations is a risky venture, for it provides them with the ability to sabotage the process from the inside. Their inclusion provides them with a veto over any agreement reached and, seemingly, rewards the spoilers for their violent tactics and encourages others who want to be included to increase the violence.

But as long as spoilers remain aloof and disgruntled by their exclusion from the political process, efforts to maintain a steady peace, foster economic interaction and engender social integration amongst the parties in conflict will fail.

Neither Iraq nor Palestine can afford this outcome; the survival of both depends upon finding an end to their respective protracted conflicts.

Sceptics may say that the risks of including the spoiler parties are too great. They would do well to revisit the experience of Northern Ireland. Having failed to achieve peace after several rounds of negotiation, the major breakthrough in the Northern Ireland conflict came with the acceptance of Sinn Fein, the political arm of the extremist Irish Republican Army, at the negotiation table.

While the IRA's violent history long made dealing with Sinn Fein unpalatable, peace-making efforts advanced because Sinn Fein's support comprised upwards of 20 per cent of the Catholic population. Without the backing of this large constituency, no deal would have succeeded in bringing peace to Northern Ireland. The years of exclusion of the extremist group produced little in the way of transforming the relationship; it was only with their involvement in the peace deal that the groups could begin to work towards a permanent settlement.

There is no guarantee that the experience of Northern Ireland will be repeated in Iraq and Palestine. It is possible that negotiations with Sunni nationalists will not end their involvement in the insurgency. Likewise, some are sceptical that Hamas will reject the use of violence in the pursuit of a viable and just Palestinian state. Accepting spoilers at the table means understanding that there are no givens. But if there is to be an end to the conflicts in Iraq and Palestine, then peace will be made between those who, for now, consider themselves enemies.

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* Neil Stormer lives in Washington DC, and works in conflict resolution and foreign policy.
Source: Jordan Times, December 7, 2005
Visit the website at www.jordantimes.com
Distributed by the Common Ground News Service – Partners in Humanity.
Copyright permission has been obtained for publication.

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The Common Ground News Service - Partners in Humanity, brought to you by Search for Common Ground, seeks to build bridges of understanding between the West and the Arab World and countries with predominately Muslim populations. This service is one outcome of a set of working meetings held in partnership with His Royal Highness Prince El Hassan bin Talal in June 2003.

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Posted by Evelin at December 13, 2005 09:45 PM